Pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo chake kudzera mu kasamalidwe kachitidwe, mankhwala | maphunziro | network imasonkhanitsa ndikukonza zida zamankhwala.
Nkhungu zachimuna ndi zazikazi ndizo zikuluzikulu za nkhungu (nkhungu ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu). Chikhomeracho ndi nkhungu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a convex.
M'dziko lopanga ndi kupanga, mawu oti "stamping" ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zida zamagalimoto ndi ma casing amagetsi kupita ku zida zakukhitchini ndi zinthu zogula.
Kupanga nkhungu kumatanthauza kupanga mbali ndi zinthu popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu. Nkhungu akamaumba akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo, psinjika akamaumba, jekeseni akamaumba, extrusion akamaumba, jekeseni akamaumba, dzenje akamaumba, kufa-kuponya akamaumba, etc.
Zikhungu ndi zisankho zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale kupanga zinthu zofunika, zomwe zimazindikirika kudzera mu jekeseni, kuumba nkhonya, extrusion, kufa-casting, forging, smelting, stamping ndi njira zina.
Mapepala akamaumba pawiri (SMC) ndi akamaumba pawiri ntchito youma kupanga unsaturated polyester fiberglass mankhwala.