Gulu kupanga nkhungu

Kupanga nkhungu kumatanthauza kupanga mbali ndi zinthu popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu. nkhungu akamaumba akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, psinjika akamaumba, jekeseni akamaumba, extrusion akamaumba, jekeseni akamaumba, dzenje akamaumba, kufa-kuponya akamaumba, etc.

(1) Kumangirira

Imadziwikanso kuti makina osindikizira, ndi imodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri zopangira pulasitiki. Kuponderezana akamaumba ndi kuwonjezera pulasitiki mwachindunji mu lotseguka nkhungu patsekeke ndi kutentha kwina, ndiyeno kutseka nkhungu. Pansi pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika, pulasitiki imasungunuka ndikukhala dziko loyenda. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za thupi ndi mankhwala, pulasitiki imaumitsa kukhala gawo la pulasitiki ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake komwe kumakhala kosasinthika kutentha. psinjika akamaumba zimagwiritsa ntchito akamaumba mapulasitiki thermosetting, monga phenolic akamaumba ufa, urea-formaldehyde ndi melamine formaldehyde akamaumba ufa, galasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa mapulasitiki phenolic, epoxy utomoni, DAP utomoni, silikoni utomoni, polyimide, etc. Ikhozanso kuumba ndi ndondomeko. unsaturated poliyesitala misa (DMC), mapepala akamaumba pawiri (SMC), prefabricated monolithic akamaumba pawiri (BMC), etc. Nthawi zambiri, psinjika zisamere pachakudya nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: osefukira mtundu, sanali kusefukira, ndi theka-sefukira mtundu malinga ndi kumapangidwe ofananira a nkhungu zapamwamba ndi zapansi za filimu yoponderezedwa.

(2) Kuumba jekeseni

Pulasitiki imawonjezeredwa ku mbiya yotenthetsera yamakina ojambulira. Pulasitiki imatenthedwa ndikusungunuka. Motsogozedwa ndi wononga kapena plunger ya makina a jakisoni, imalowa mu nkhungu kudzera pa nozzle ndi nkhungu kuthira dongosolo. Imaumitsidwa ndikuwumbidwa chifukwa cha zotsatira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala kuti ikhale jekeseni. mankhwala. Kumangirira jakisoni kumakhala ndi kazungulira kokhala ndi jekeseni, kukakamiza (kuzizira) ndi njira zopangira pulasitiki, kotero kuti jekeseni imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kumangira jekeseni wa Thermoplastic kumakhala ndi kazungulira kakang'ono kakuumba, kupanga bwino kwambiri, komanso kuvala pang'ono pa nkhungu yosungunuka. Ikhoza kuumba zigawo zazikulu za pulasitiki zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, mawonekedwe omveka bwino a pamwamba ndi zolembera, ndi kulondola kwakukulu; Komabe, kwa mapulasitiki ndi kusintha kwakukulu khoma makulidwe, mbali, n'zovuta kupewa akamaumba zilema. Anisotropy ya zigawo za pulasitiki ndi imodzi mwamavuto apamwamba, ndipo njira zonse zomwe zingatheke ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zichepetse.

(3) Kumangirira ma extrusion

Ndi njira yopangira yomwe imalola pulasitiki mu mawonekedwe a viscous otaya kudutsa kufa ndi mawonekedwe enaake ozungulira pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kwina, ndiyeno kulipanga kukhala mbiri yopitilira ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira pamtanda. kutentha kochepa. Njira yopangira mapangidwe a extrusion imaphatikizapo kukonzekera zinthu zopangira, mawonekedwe a extrusion, kuziziritsa ndi kupanga, kukoka ndi kudula, ndi pambuyo pokonza zinthu zowonongeka (kutentha kapena kutentha). Pa extrusion akamaumba ndondomeko, kulabadira kusintha kutentha kwa gawo lililonse Kutentha kwa mbiya extruder ndi kufa kufa, wononga kasinthasintha liwiro, traction liwiro ndi magawo ena ndondomeko kuti apeze oyenerera mbiri extrusion. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusintha mlingo womwe polima amasungunuka kuchokera kukufa. Chifukwa pamene mlingo extrusion wa zinthu wosungunuka ndi otsika, ndi extrudate ali yosalala pamwamba ndi yunifolomu mtanda-gawo mawonekedwe; koma pamene mlingo wa extrusion wa zinthu zosungunuka kufika malire ena, pamwamba pa extrudate adzakhala akhakula ndi kutaya kuwala kwake. , khungu la shaki, mizere ya peel lalanje, kupotoza mawonekedwe ndi zochitika zina zimawonekera. Pamene mlingo wa extrusion ukuwonjezeka, ndi extrudate pamwamba amakhala opotoka ndipo ngakhale detaches ndi akuswa mu ziduswa Sungunulani kapena masilindala. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa extrusion ndikofunikira.

(4) Kuwotcha jekeseni

Njira yowumbayi imatchedwanso kusamutsa akamaumba. Ndi kuwonjezera zipangizo za pulasitiki m'chipinda chodyeramo chotenthetsera, kenaka yikani zitsulo zokanikizira m'chipinda chodyera kuti zitseke nkhungu, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito pulasitiki kupyola muzitsulo zokakamiza. Pulasitiki imasungunuka m'malo oyenda pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, ndikulowa mu nkhungu kudzera muzitsulo zothira. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono umalimba m'zigawo zapulasitiki. Kumangirira jekeseni wokakamiza ndikoyenera mapulasitiki omwe ali otsika kuposa olimba. Mapulastiki omwe amatha kupangidwa mwadongosolo amathanso kupangidwa ndi jekeseni. Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira zimafunika kuti zikhale ndi madzi abwino m'malo osungunuka pamene zimakhala zotsika kuposa kutentha kwazitsulo, ndipo zimakhala ndi chiwongoladzanja chokulirapo pamene chiri chapamwamba kuposa kutentha kwachitsulo.

(5) Kumangirira m’dzenje

Ndi kukonza tubular kapena pepala akusowekapo opangidwa ndi extrusion kapena jekeseni ndipo akadali mu plasticized boma mu nkhungu akamaumba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyambitsa wothinikizidwa mpweya kukakamiza akusowekapo kuwonjezera ndi kumamatira ku khoma la nkhungu patsekeke. Njira yopangira momwe chinthu chomwe chimafunidwa chimapezedwa pobowola pambuyo pozizira ndikuchipanga. Pulasitiki oyenera akamaumba dzenje ndi mkulu-anzanu polyethylene, otsika-anzanu polyethylene, zolimba polyvinyl kolorayidi, zofewa polyvinyl mankhwala enaake, polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, etc. Malinga ndi osiyana parison akamaumba njira, akamaumba dzenje makamaka ogaŵikana mitundu iwiri: extrusion kuwombera ndi jekeseni kuwomba akamaumba. Ubwino wa extrusion kuwomba akamaumba ndi dongosolo la extruder ndi extrusion kuwomba nkhungu ndi yosavuta. Choyipa chake ndikuti makulidwe a khoma la parison ndi osagwirizana, zomwe zingayambitse mosavuta makulidwe a khoma la zinthu zapulasitiki. Ubwino wa jekeseni nkhonya akamaumba kuti khoma makulidwe a parison ndi yunifolomu ndipo palibe kung'anima m'mphepete. Popeza parison jekeseni ali pansi pamwamba, sipadzakhala seams ndi seams pansi pa dzenje mankhwala, amene si wokongola komanso mkulu mu mphamvu. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti zida zomangira ndi nkhungu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizokwera mtengo, motero njira yopangira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zazing'ono zazing'ono, ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati njira yopangira ma extrusion.

(6) Kufa kuponyera kuumba

Die casting ndi chidule cha kuponyera kuthamanga. Njira yoponyera kufa ndikuwonjezera zida zapulasitiki m'chipinda chodyeramo chotenthetsera, kenako ndikuyika kukakamiza pamzere wokakamiza. Pulasitiki imasungunuka ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, imalowa m'matumbo kudzera muzitsulo zothira nkhungu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imauma. Njira yowumba imeneyi imatchedwa kufa-casting. Chikombole chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimatchedwa kuti die-casting mold. Mtundu uwu wa nkhungu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapulasitiki a thermosetting.

Kuumba nkhungu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mapulasitiki ndi zitsulo. Komanso, pali thovu pulasitiki akamaumba amaumba, galasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa pulasitiki otsika-anzanu akamaumba amaumba, etc.

Kuumba nkhungu kungasiyanitsidwe potengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi, mfundo zosinthika zosiyanasiyana, makina opangira osiyanasiyana, kuumba molondola, etc. Kumvetsetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu kudzakuthandizani kusankha bwino posankha njira yopangira zinthu ndikupewa kutayika kosafunika chifukwa cha zosankha zolakwika.